Harmonics and tuning
Explore the structure of sound by ear: harmonics, intervals, tuning.
Harmonic series
A fundamental and its whole-number multiples, each harmonic quieter than the last (1/n). The structure behind the timbre of natural sounds.
Hz
110 Hz · 220 Hz · 330 Hz · 440 Hz · 550 Hz · 660 Hz
Just and equal tuning
Listen to the same interval in whole-number ratios (just) and in equal temperament as on a piano; just intervals have no slow beating, equal temperament may waver slightly.
Hz
220 Hz (La3) · 275 Hz (Do♯4 −14 sent) · 330 Hz (Mi4 +2 sent)
A4 tuning reference
440 Hz is the international standard tuning pitch (ISO 16). 432 Hz is an alternative tuning some musicians prefer.
Evidence level: ○ S (tool, no claim).